Everything about Hypernucleus totally explained
A
hypernucleus is a
nucleus which contains at least one
hyperon in addition to
nucleons. The first was discovered by
Marian Danysz and
Jerzy Pniewski in
1952.
Since the
strangeness quantum number is conserved by the
strong and
electromagnetic interactions, at least hypernuclei containing the lightest hyperon, the
Lambda, live long enough to have sharp nuclear energy levels. Therefore they offer opportunities for
nuclear spectroscopy, as well as reaction mechanism study and other types of
nuclear physics (hypernuclear physics). Their physics is different from that of normal nuclei because a hyperon, having a different value of the strangeness quantum number, can share space and momentum coordinates with the usual four nucleons that can differ from each other in
spin and
isospin. The ground state of helium-5-Lambda, for example, must resemble
helium-4 more than it does helium-5 or
lithium-5 and must be stable, except for the
weak decay of the Lambda.
Sigma hypernuclei have been sought with apparent success.
Hypernuclei can be made by a nucleus capturing a Lambda or
K meson and boiling off
neutrons in a compound
nuclear reaction, or, perhaps most easily, by the direct strangeness exchange reaction
» + nucleus → + hypernucleus
Hypernuclei were first observed by their energetic but delayed decay, but have also been studied in their production by measuring the momenta of the K and
pi mesons in the above strangeness exchange reaction.
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